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Dijkstra’s Shortest Path

The Dijkstra algorithm solves the single-source shortest path problem.For a given source node in the graph, the algorithm finds the shortest path between that node and every other. It can also be used for finding the shortest paths from a single node to a single destination node by stopping the algorithm once the shortest path to the destination node has been determined. For example, if the nodes of the graph represent cities and edge path costs represent driving distances between pairs of cities connected by a direct road, Dijkstra’s algorithm can be used to find the shortest route between one city and all other cities. As a result, the shortest path algorithm is widely used in network routing protocols.

Der Dijkstra Algorithmus löst das Problem des kürzesten Weges für einen gegebenen Startpunkt.

Die Grundidee des Algorithmus ist es, immer derjenigen Kante zu folgen, die den kürzesten Streckenabschnitt vom Startknoten aus verspricht. Andere Kanten werden erst dann verfolgt, wenn alle kürzeren Streckenabschnitte beachtet wurden. Dieses Vorgehen gewährleistet, dass bei Erreichen eines Knotens kein kürzerer Pfad zu ihm existieren kann. Eine einmal berechnete Distanz zwischen dem Startknoten und einem besuchten Knoten wird nicht mehr geändert. Distanzen zu noch nicht abgearbeiteten Knoten können sich hingegen im Laufe des Algorithmus durchaus verändern, nämlich verringern. Dieses Vorgehen wird fortgesetzt, bis die Distanz des Zielknotens berechnet wurde (single-pair shortest path) oder die Distanzen aller Knoten zum Startknoten bekannt sind (single-source shortest path).

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